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Experiences writing an ActivityPub server in Python with Django

This post is about how I wrote an ActivityPub server using the Django Python framework, to provide a fediverse account on the same domain as a WordPress blog.

My motivation

On The Aperiodical, we do a monthly post collecting bits of maths news that we've seen. This is the compromise we came to as we realised that we're too old and busy to keep up with writing in-depth posts about individual things any more.

When we started doing this, I set up a /news slash command in our Slack channel which would take a URL and some explanatory text, and add it to the current draft post. Slack insists you give a username to the account that replies to this command, so we have our happy little Aperiodipal secretary.

Since we only publish the news posts once a month, we sometimes miss out on spreading the word about time-limited events, such as deadlines to register for conferences or mathematical holidays. And when there's Big Maths News such as a proof of an old conjecture, it'd be nice to put something out immediately rather than waiting until it's old news.

So I thought it would be a good idea to automatically toot on the fediverse each time one of us adds an item to the news post, as part of the /news Slack command.

Ideally, I'd like the fediverse account to belong to the aperiodical.com domain, instead of a Mastodon instance such as mathstodon.xyz.

That meant I'd have to serve the ActivityPub protocol on aperiodical.com. This is the kind of thing you do when really you're more curious about how the protocol works than making a pragmatic decision of the best course of action.

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Mastodon admin experiences

Mastodon has really taken off this month, as a result of Twitter collapsing.

The instance I run with Colin Wright, mathstodon.xyz, has grown from about a thousand active users to just over 5,000 as I write.

There are lots of people running small Mastodon instances who suddenly need to support lots more activity than they're used to. I've had to learn a lot about making a webserver run at scale, so I thought it would be worth writing down what I've learnt.

I didn't take proper notes while fixing things, so I've probably forgotten some important non-obvious stuff. Soz!

This is just the things that stuck in my mind recently.

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Can I also use?

Screenshot of the "Can I also use" tool. The screen is divided into segments: the left half shows a list of browsers, versions, and features requiring that version. On the right is a tree of features along with a search box, and a list of selected features.

While updating Numbas, I wanted to know which new CSS and JavaScript features we could use while maintaining compatibility with almost all browsers in use. Until now, we'd been stuck hanging on to support for Internet Explorer 11, but it seems to have finally faded away into insignificance.

So we needed a new target for compatibility. We agreed that aiming for compatibility with 95% of devices in use would be a reasonable target.

I have been using caniuse.com to check individual features against their usage stats. It's a really useful site!

But our policy shouldn't just be "any feature supported by 95% of browsers can be used": if two features each have 95% support, the set of browsers supporting both features could be anything between 95% and 90%. With more features, the intersection of all those sets could end up being much lower than our target, and make Numbas inaccessible for a significant number of people.

I looked around for something that would let me specify a collection of features and see what percentage of browsers support them all. I'm sure it exists, but I couldn't find it, so I spent a happy day making it.

The tool is online at somethingorotherwhatever.com/can-i-also-use.

I gathered MDN's compatibility data and caniuse.com's usage data, and presented it as a massive searchable tree of features you can tick off. The other half of the screen shows you which browsers support all of the selected features, and their relative usage and release dates. For each browser, you're shown which features force that particular version, so you know what to drop in order to be supported by older versions.

I've realised that I have to be quite careful about which features I tick when using this tool, particularly with respect to CSS: browsers usually silently ignore CSS rules that they don't support, so I should only tick features that are absolutely required for the page to function.

There's a function to download the set of selected features so you can documente what your project requires. I haven't added this yet, but next time I need to do this job I'll add a feature to load in that file, so I don't have to start again from scratch!